Calculating-machine.



A. F. POOLE.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 050.13. 1912.

Patented Mar. 12, 1918.

2 SHEETSSHEET I.

UNITED STATES PATENT @FFIGE.

ARTHUR F. POOLE, or cnIcAGo, ILLINoIs, ASSIGNOR TO THE \VAHL COMPANY, or WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, A conromrroa.

CALCULATING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dial. 12, 1918.

Application filed December 13, 1912. Serial No. 736,658.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR F. PooLn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicagoin the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Calculating-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is an improvement in calculating machines of the type described in the patent issued to John C. VVahl, No. 893,719, July 21, 1908.

It is well known that in operating with a series of numbers which may enter into a calculating machine either positively or negatively, the result of such operations may be either a positive or a negative number. In a machine which has but one totalizer of the ordinary type, when the result is a negative number, the totalizcr will not exhibit this result, but will exhibit the arithmetical complement thereof. For instance, if the totalizer is a six-wheel totalizer, and We add 5 and then subtract 7 (assuming the totalizer to stand at 0 at the beginning of the operation), the totalizer will show 999 998. In order for the correct result, which in this case is 2, to be written, the operator Will have to perform the mental operation of subtracting the number exhibited by the totalizer from 0 and writing the result. \Vhen a negative total is large, this subtraction entails some work and liability to error. With my improved mechanism herein described, the proper result, when such result is negative, may be copied directly from the totalizer itself, and the fact of the totalizers returnin to 0 will indicate that this operation has een correctly done.

The mechanism employed in my inven tion is shown in the accompanying figures, of which,-

Figure 1 is a right side elevation;

Fig. 2 a front view of the totalizer and actuator;

Fig. 3 is a section of the typewriter escapement and carriage-reversing mechanism, along the line 3-3, as shown in Fig. at;

Fig. 4 is a view of the reversing mechanism and escapement, along the section line 4.-:t of Fig. 3; and

Fig. 5 is a view of the typewriter digit keys, showing the numerals inscribed thereon.

As stated, thecalculating machine is of the type described in the above-mentioned WVah-l patent. It is mounted on the framework 1 of a Remington typewriter, and has a totalizer 2 which is driven from an actuator 5, which is connected by links 6 to the typewriter digit keys 7. The totalizer and actuator are like the ones described in the above-mentioned patent, the actuator having a master wheel 8 with cooperate acrz'atm with the carrying wheels 9 of the totalizer :2. Theactuator is provided with a reversing handle 10, the position of which determines whether the depression of a digit key 7 shall insert the corresponding number into the totalizcr positively or negativeiy. All of the foregoing parts are present in the machine disclosed in the aforementioned patent, and it is unnecessary to enter upon a detailed description of them here.

Coming now to the mechanism peculiar to my present invention, it may be stated that, in a general way, itconsists of reversing means for the typewriter carriage so that actuation of the digit keys will cause the carriage to move step by step to either the right or to the left, instead of only to the left, which is the case with typewriters as ordinarily constructed.

Referring especially to Figs. 1, 3 and 4, 11 is the ordinary typewriter escapement pawl, which is oscillated about a fulcrum 12 in the typewriter frame by the actuation of typewriter key. Rigidly mounted on a shaft 13 revolving in the typewriter frame is a typewriter escapement-wheel 141 which, by means presently to be described, is always given a tendency to rotate in the direction of the arrow (Fig. Loosely mounted on the hub of the wheel 14 is an auxiliary wheel 15. Three studs 35 rigid in the wheel 14L cooperate with slots 36 in the wheel 15, so that it has freedom of motion about haif a tooth space. A light spring 37 connects wheels 14; and 15, and gives the latter a tendency to revolve in the direction of the arrow. The parts are shown in their normal position in Figs. 3 and 4-, with the escapement pawl 11 in engagement with the wheel. 15. hen in consequence of the depression of atypewriter key the escapemcnt pawl 11 is moved to the left, the wheel 15 under the force of the spring 37 advances half a step. The wheel 14 remains stationary, being held by the escapement pawl 11. 1V hen the typewri or key returns to its normal position, the pawl 11 is returned to its normal position and the wheel 1 escapes one step.

Associated with the shaft 13 is a tension spring 16 fastened at one end to the frame by the stud screw 17, and at the other end to the shaft 13 by the stud screw 18, thus giving the shaft 13 and wheel 14 a tendency to rotate in the direction of the arrow.

Rigidly attached to the shaft 13 is a bevel gear 19 meshing with a bevel gear 20, which in turn meshes with a bevel gear :21 riding loosely on a shaft The bevel wheel 20 is loosely mounted on a stud '23 ri idly mounted on the typewriter frame 1. The nest of gears just described constitutes a reversing mechanism, since the gear 21 always turns in the reverse direction from the gear 19. Returning now to the shaft 22, it is remarked that this shaft turns in a bearing :23 on the typewriter frame 1. On the left end of shaft 22 is the spur gear 2 1, which engages with the escapement rack 25 rigid with the typewriter carriage. A keyway is cut in the right end of the shaft 22 and engages a feather 38 in a sliding collar 26. This collar 26 will therefore rotate with the shaft 22, but is slidably mounted thereon. On either end of the collar 26 are projections 27 and 28 adapted to engage with corresponding depressions in the bevel gears 19 and 21. To prevent accidental motion of the carriage during the shifting of the collar 26 the projections 27 and 28 are of suitable length to insure that on shifting the collar 26, the projections 28 will engage the gear n1 before the projections 27 are disengaged from the gear 19. Surrounding the collar 26 is a yoke 29 fulcrumed to the framework at 30 and terminating in a handle 31. The yoke 29 has also mounted in it pins 32 and which cooperate with a groove 34: in the collar 26. Consequently, when the handle 31 is in the position shown in Fig. 3, that is, to the right, the motion of the gear 28 will be transmitted through the shaft 22 and rigidly attached gear 24 to the type *riter rack 25, and the typewriter carriage will move in its normal direction, that is, from right to left. If, however, the handle 31 be shifted to the left, so that the collar 26 will engage the gear 21, the typewriter carriage will be advanced in the reverse direction, that is, from left to right, upon the actuation of the typewriter keys. Consequently, the function of the handle 31 is that of reversing the direction of travel of the typewriter carriage upon the actuation of any typewriter key.

The digit keys of the typewriter, as shown in Fig. 5, have two sets of numerals on them, one set (the upper set in Fig. 5) running in the usual manner from 0 to 9, the other set (shownin the lower row) running in the reverse direction. It will. be observed that the sum of the digits on any key is equal. to either 0 or 10. I shall hereafter in this specification call the upper set the normal set, since these are used in the normal operation of the calculating machine, viz., entering numbers and writing positive totals. lhe lower set I shall call the special set, since these are used only in writing negative totals.

Assume that a series of numbers have been entered into the machine and that some of these numbers are positive and others negative, that is, the positive numbers have been entered while the actuator reversing handle 10 was in its normal or adding position, and the negative numbers have been entered while the actuator reversing handle 10 was in its subtracting position. During the entering of both the positive and negative numbers, the escapement reversing handle 31 has been in its normal position, which, it will be remembered, determines that the typewriter carriage shall escape one step from right to left on the actuation of each digit key, that is, the numbers shall be inserted higher decimal place first. The total now in the totalizer is the difference between the sum of the positive numl ers and that of the negative numbers, and according to which of these sums is the greater such total is either positive or negative. In case it is positive, the number wheel in the highest decimal place of the totalizu' (assuming the totalizer to have a capacity greater than the largest sum which it is intended to exhibit) will exhibit a Zero at the reading line. In case such total is negative, a 9 will be exhibited. N ow, to write the total, we have to observe the following rules: First, throw the reversing handle 31 to its alternative position. Second, if the total is a positive one, as shown by a 0 being exhibited in the highest place of the totalizer, throw the actuator reversing handle 10 to its subtracting position. If the total is a negative one, as shown by a 9 being exhibit-cc by the highest numeral wheel of the totalizer, put the actuator reversing handle 10 in its adding posi tion. Third, move the typewriter carriage to the units place of the total. In case the total is positive, copy it out, using the normal set of numbers on the digit keys. In case the total is negative, copy it out, using the special set. As the total is extracted digit by digit, the carriage and tot: lizcr, of course, will move in the reverse direction, that is, from lowest to highest decimal place. The operating of the digit keys is continued until the totalizer exhibits all zeros. The total will then have been completely printed.

In case the total in the totalizer is a positive one, this procedure will be exactly like the ordinary procedure of copying a total from a iVahl machine except that the operator begins at the units place and works from lowest to highest, instead of beginning at the highest place and working to the lowest. Since the actuator reversing handle 10 is in its subtracting position, the carrying wheels are brought back to O and no carrying is done. 1

When the total is a negative total, the operation is as follows: Assume the totalizer exhibits 999 732. This, of course, corresponds to a negative total of 26S, and it is this number which we wish to print as the total. Observing that a 9 is exhibited by the highest wheel of the totalizer, we place (it it is not already there) the actuator reversing handle 10 in its adding position. We then move the typewriter carriage so as to operate on the totalizer wheel in the units place. Since this exhibits a 2 and we are to use the special set of numerals on the keys, we press down the key marked 2 in the special set. This results in printing an 8, simultaneously adding 8 into the units place, and permitting the carriage to escape, so that the carrying wheel in the tens place is now engaged by the master wheel. The totalizer now shows 999 740.

Since a l is now exhibited in the tens place, the key having a 4 in the special reading line is pressed, thus printii'ig a (3 and adding 6 into the tens place. The carriage escapes and the totalizer exhibits 999 800.

The key havin an 8 in the special set is now operated. There results the printing of a 2 and the addin of 2 into the hundreds place of the totalizer. The totalizer now shows 000 000, an indication that the operation is complete. We have thus printed the negative total 268 by simply copying the number shown by the totalizer, digit by digit, beginning at the lowest place, and have simultaneously cleared the totalizer. The reversing handle 31 is then thrown into its normal position, and the calculating machine stands clear and ready for a new operation.

Attention is drawn to the fact that if at any time the spring 16 should lose its ten-- sion owing to repeated reversals of the handle 31, such tension may be restored by moving the carriage by hand from left to right, while the handle is in its normal position, then reversing the handle 31 and again mov ing the carriage from right to left, both of these hand motions of the carriage winding up the spring 16.

tion of a reversible totalizer, a moving carriage, means adapted to advance said carriage step step in either direction, a set of digit keys operative on said totalizer and carriage advancing means, each of said keys having associated with it a pair of numerals whose sum is 10, and means to determine the direction of action of said carriage advancing means.

2. In a calculating machine, the combination of a reversible totalizer, master mechanism therefor, a moving carriage, printing mechanisn'i, a set of digit keys operative on said master mechanism, carriage and printing mechanism, each of said keys having associated with it a pair of numerals whose sum is 1.0, and means to advance said car-- riage step by step in either direction upon the operation of any of said digit keys.

In a calculating machine, the combination of a reversible totalizer, master mechanism therefor, a moving carriage, means for reversing said master mechanism whereby a number may be inserted in said totalizer either positively .or negatively, a set of digit keys operative on said master mechanism each of said digit keys having associated with it a pair of numerals whose sum is 10, and means adapted to automatically advance the said carriage in either direction upon the operation of any of said digit keys.

4. In a calculating machine, the combination of: a totalizer; master mechanism therefor; a set of digit keys operative on said master mechanism; a decimal carriage; and means to advance said carriage step by step in either direction upon the operation of any of said digit keys.

5. In a calculating machine, the combination of: a totalizer; master mechanism therefor; a set of digit keys operative on said master mechanism, each of said digit keys having associated with it a pair of numerals whose sum is either zero or ten; :1 decimal carriage; and means to advance said carriage step by step in either direction upon the operation of any of said digit keys.

6. In a calculating machine, the combination of: a totalizer; master mechanism therefor; printing mechanism; a set of digit keys operative on said master mechanism and printing mechanism; a decimal carriage; and means to advance said carriage step by step in either direction upon the operation of any of said digit keys.

7. In a calculating machine, the combination of: a totalizer; master mechanism therefor; a set of digit keys operative on said master mechanism; a decimal carriage; an escapement for said carriage, said escapement permitting the carriage to advance one step on the operation of any of the digit keys; and reversing means for the carriage whereby the direction of motion of the carriage may be predetermined.

8. In a calculatin machine, the combination of: a totalizer; master mechanism therefor; a set or" digit keys operative on said master mechanism; reversing means for said master mechanism whereby numbers may be inserted in said totalizer either positively or negativel a decimal carriage; an escapement for said carriage, said escapement permitting the carriage to advance one step on the operation of any of the digit keys; and reversing means for the carriage whereby the direction of motion of the carriage may be predetermined.

9. In a calculating machine, the combination of: a totalizer; master mechanism therefor; a set oi digit keys operative on said master mechanism, each of said digit keys having associated with it a pair of numerals Whose sum is either zero or ten; reversing means for said master mechanism whereby numbers may be inserted in said totalizer either positively or negatively; a decimal carriage; an escapement "for said carriage, said escapement permitting the carriage to advance one step on the operation of any of the digit keys; and reversing means for the carriage whereby the direction of motion of the carriage may be predetermined.

10. The method of printing a negative total from an adding machine which con- 0 sists in printing said total figure by figure, beginning in the units place and progressing to the highest order and, in each decimal place, simultaneously adding and printing the difference between 10 and the figure in said decimal place, except when said figure is 0, in which case 0 is to be both printed and added.

11. The method of printing a negative total from a typewriter adding machine, having the usual relatively movable totalizer and actuator, which consists in printing said total figure by figure beginning at the figur in the units place and progressing to the higl'iest order and simultaneously adding and printing in each decimal place the diii'erence between 10 and the figure in said decimal place except when said figure is O, in which case 0 is to be both printed and added.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name, this 11th day of December,

ARTHUR F. POOLE. Witnesses HYMAN ELI GOLDBERG, DAVID GOLDBERG.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, I). (1. 

